{"id":205,"date":"2017-09-27T12:17:35","date_gmt":"2017-09-27T16:17:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/?p=205"},"modified":"2021-02-03T10:44:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T15:44:42","slug":"visiting-the-tents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/visiting-the-tents\/","title":{"rendered":"Episode 14: Visiting the Tents"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-205-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/14_Visiting-The-Tents.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/14_Visiting-The-Tents.mp3\">https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/14_Visiting-The-Tents.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>Click on the \u201cplay\u201d button to hear the diary episode read aloud, and<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-US\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;\"><span lang=\"en-US\"><i>click<\/i><\/span><\/span> on the [anno]green tab[\/anno] to learn more about a word or phrase.<br>Find Du Vernet on a <a class=\"modal-link\" href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/episode-8-18-map\/\">map.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond this we came across an old [anno]Indian{note}Du Vernet constantly refers to the Ojibwe peoples he encounters as \u201cIndians\u201d \u2013 his use of the word reflects the language and concepts of his day. Though the category of \u201cIndian\u201d was a legal designation in Canada because of the \u201cIndian Act,\u201d as a name for Indigenous people it originated in a profound error. As the story goes, when Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492 he believed he had arrived in India \u2013 and therefore called the peoples he encountered Indians, ignoring their diverse languages, spiritual traditions, and forms of governance. <a class=\"modal-link\" href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/on-the-term-indian\/\">Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0502_indian-act-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"287\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0502_indian-act-1-300x287.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2244\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0502_indian-act-1-300x287.jpg 300w, https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0502_indian-act-1.jpg 495w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>A section of the 1876 Indian Act. Courtesy of Early Canada Online.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\/anno] sitting under a shade tent making canoe ribs. He was the [anno]only Indian we saw working{note}In noting that the man making canoe ribs was the only person he saw working while walking through the reserve that day, he ignores the woman cooking bannock over a stove, whom he describes a couple paragraphs later.[\/anno] while on this tour round the houses. He seemed an interesting old man and we tried to [anno]bring some truth home to his mind{note}In other words, Du Vernet tried to persuade the old man of the \u201ctruth\u201d of the Christian faith.[\/anno].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-6557\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Screen-Shot-2019-06-27-at-5.22.10-PM-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Screen-Shot-2019-06-27-at-5.22.10-PM-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Screen-Shot-2019-06-27-at-5.22.10-PM-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Screen-Shot-2019-06-27-at-5.22.10-PM.png 742w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption>The cover of the Canadian Church Missionary Gleaner.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When [anno]Mr. Johnston{note}Jeremiah Johnston was an ordained Anglican missionary of Swampy Cree background, and Du Vernet\u2019s host on the Rainy River. <a class=\"modal-link\" href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/jeremiah-johnston\/\">Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/0385_j-johnston_min_por-26194-r3-e1509507903777.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"216\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/0385_j-johnston_min_por-26194-r3-300x216.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-779\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Reverend Jeremiah Johnston (left) with Mr. Richardson at Long Sault, Rainy River, Ontario, ca. 1925. Courtesy of the Minnesota Historical Society.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\/anno] took up the crooked knife and began whittling, the old man said he seemed to know how to use the knife. \u201cWhy not, [anno]I am an Indian{note}According to Du Vernet\u2019s telling, the Ojibwe man who conveys surprise at Jeremiah\u2019s carving ability prompts Jeremiah to self-identify as an \u201cIndian.\u201d This suggests that Johnston\u2019s Cree background and Anishinaabemowin language ability did not always outweigh his Christian missionary identity for his Ojibwe neighbours. It also raises the question that we don\u2019t always know when Du Vernet records a conversation whether or not he heard it in Anishinaabemowin, which Johnston translated for him. In this case, the use of the word \u201cIndian\u201d suggests that the conversation was in English.[\/anno]\u201d was Mr. Johnston\u2019s reply. The old man showed me his flint, steel, and tinder in his bag and struck a light in a few moments. They use matches now but this they still keep in case of being without matches. He seemed interested in hearing that I had come from the east a long way and was going on to the mountains. When he heard I was writing for a [anno]paper{note}Du Vernet was referring to&nbsp;<em>The Gleaner<\/em>, a religious periodical he wrote for. <a class=\"modal-link\" href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/the-gleaner\/\">Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/0474_the-gleaner.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"230\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/0474_the-gleaner-230x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1777\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/0474_the-gleaner-230x300.png 230w, https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/0474_the-gleaner.png 736w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Page of the Gleaner. Frederick Herbert DuVernet Fonds<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\/anno]&nbsp;and was glad to see all I could about their ways he grunted an exclamation of approval. I shall long remember this old man. He asked me to come more under his shade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Returning down the reserve we visited John Cochrane\u2019s summer house. John is the father of 3 children who were baptized, while he is still a [anno]heathen{note}Heathen is a derogatory term, often used by Christians claiming moral and religious superiority over others they regard as lacking morality and religion.<br>The word heathen comes up eleven times throughout Du Vernet\u2019s diary. Casually yet consistently, Du Vernet refers to the Ojibwe he preaches to as heathens. Du Vernet\u2019s diary also provides examples of other missionaries, such as Mr. and Mrs. Johnston, referring to the Ojibwe and their cultural practices as \u201cheathen.\u201d<a class=\"modal-link\" href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/heathen\/\"> Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0499_ojibway-bible.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0499_ojibway-bible-300x278.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0499_ojibway-bible-300x278.jpg 300w, https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0499_ojibway-bible.jpg 455w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>The Gospel according to St. Matthew: English and Ojibway Versions in Parallel Readings. Courtesy of York Auxiliary Bible Society.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\/anno]. The house is a regular square shape, made with a ridge pole and cross pieces. These are covered with bark, and there is a stove pipe here. Inside, the stove with a stove pipe and two beds, and a [anno]swing{note} This <em>swing<\/em> that Du Vernet makes mention of is referred to as wewebizon, or a cradle swing. It is of traditional Indigenous use for young children to sleep in but would have confused Du Vernet as to its purpose. [\/anno] for the little girl. On going outside, we saw a woman stirring flour in a big dish, and large round [anno]cakes of dough{note}<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The woman stirring flour was likely John Cochrane\u2019s wife. What Du Vernet called large cakes of dough were likely bannock, or fry-bread. If any readers know more about who this woman might be, please let us know.[\/anno]<\/span>. Three sticks held up a kettle outside.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A little Indian boy with a plate, cup and saucer sat under a shade tent taking his [anno]tea{note}Du Vernet often mentions taking tea with fellow missionaries and a number Ojibwe men and women. In keeping with English tradition, he likely meant a small meal involving a hot drink.[\/anno] off the ground. Half-a-day [anno]Charlie{note}Charlie was an Ojibwe canoe guide who ferried Du Vernet and Johnston through the rapids of the Rainy River. <a class=\"modal-link\" href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/charlie\/\">Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/0394_canoe.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"238\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/0394_canoe-238x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2267\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/0394_canoe-238x300.jpg 238w, https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/0394_canoe.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Ernest Oberholtzer paddling in the Rainy Lake area with Billy MaGee (?), ca. 1912. Courtesy of Minessota Historical Society.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[\/anno]&#8217;s father said he was very glad to me see me going round to visit their tents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[July 18th, 1898]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/0398_canoe-ribs.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/0398_canoe-ribs.jpg\" alt=\"Black-and-white photo of birch bark canoes\" class=\"wp-image-1058\" srcset=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/0398_canoe-ribs.jpg 585w, https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/0398_canoe-ribs-300x241.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Finished birch bark canoes at Le Clair, Lake of the Woods, photographed during the Minnesota Zoological Survey by Ulysses S. Cox. Courtesy of Minnesota Historical Society.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"width: 50%; float: left;\">\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/following-the-tom-tom\/\">\u00ab EPISODE 13: FOLLOWING THE TOM TOM<\/a><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"width: 50%; float: right;\">\n<h6><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/inside-the-medicine-tent\/\">EPISODE 15: INSIDE THE MEDICINE TENT \u00bb<\/a><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/the-diary\/diary-episodes\/\">\u00ab \u00ab RETURN TO DIARY OVERVIEW<\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Click on the \u201cplay\u201d button to hear the diary episode read aloud, and&nbsp;click on the [anno]green tab[\/anno] to learn more about a word or phrase.Find Du Vernet on a map. Beyond this we came across an old [anno]Indian{note}Du Vernet constantly refers to the Ojibwe peoples he encounters as \u201cIndians\u201d \u2013 his use of the word [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-episodes","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Episode 14: Visiting the Tents | Kiinawin Kawindomowin \u2014 Story Nations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/storynations.preview.artsci.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/visiting-the-tents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Episode 14: Visiting the Tents | Kiinawin Kawindomowin \u2014 Story Nations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Click on the \u201cplay\u201d button to hear the diary episode read aloud, and&nbsp;click on the [anno]green tab[\/anno] to learn more about a word or phrase.Find Du Vernet on a map. Beyond this we came across an old [anno]Indian{note}Du Vernet constantly refers to the Ojibwe peoples he encounters as \u201cIndians\u201d \u2013 his use of the word [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/storynations.preview.artsci.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/visiting-the-tents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kiinawin Kawindomowin \u2014 Story Nations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-09-27T16:17:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-03T15:44:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/storynations.preview.artsci.utoronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/detail-of-0502_indian-act-1-300x287.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Greg Fewster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Greg Fewster\" \/>\n\t<meta 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