{"id":68,"date":"2017-08-08T12:32:37","date_gmt":"2017-08-08T16:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/?p=68"},"modified":"2020-10-02T12:08:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-02T16:08:57","slug":"on-the-train","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/storynations.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/on-the-train\/","title":{"rendered":"Episode 3: On the Train"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Click on the [anno]green tab[\/anno] to learn more about a word or phrase.
Find Du Vernet on a map<\/a>.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuesday, July 12:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
The tracks of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Photograph by Pamela Klassen, 2015.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

We arrived at [anno]Biscotasing{note}A lumber town by Lake Biscotasi in North Eastern Ontario, located on the railway line.[\/anno] in the [anno]Diocese of Moosonee{note}A diocese is a unit of administration within the Church. It covers a certain geographical area and is managed by a bishop. The Anglican Diocese of Moosonee covers 560,000 square kilometers on the border of what is now northern Ontario and northwestern Quebec.[\/anno] at about 8:30. We saw the little Church where the [anno]Reverend J. Sanders{note}John Sanders was an Ojibwe Anglican clergyman. He could speak Ojibwe and translated several Anglican texts, including the Book of Common Prayer, into Anishinaabemowin. Read more<\/a>.[\/anno] holds service. Mr. and Mrs. Sadler came to the station to see me. It is a lumber town on a [anno]pretty lake{note}Lake Biscotasi, in eastern Ontario, north of Lake Huron.[\/anno]. Later in the day we passed [anno]Missinabie{note}Missinabie is a small community to the northeast of Lake Superior. In the late nineteenth century there was a large mining and lumber industry presence in the town.[\/anno], where we saw another little Church where Mr. Sanders holds service. Many [anno]Indians{note}Du Vernet constantly refers to the Ojibwe peoples he encounters as \u201cIndians\u201d \u2014 his use of the word reflects the language and concepts of his day. The category of \u201cIndian\u201d became a legal designation in Canada with the \u201cIndian Act.\u201d As a distorting collective noun for diverse Indigenous peoples the category of Indian originated in a profound error. As the story goes, when Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492 he believed he had arrived in India \u2013 and therefore called the peoples he encountered Indians, ignoring their diverse languages, spiritual traditions, and forms of governance. Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
A section of the 1876 Indian Act. Courtesy of Early Canada Online.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

[\/anno] were camping by the lake here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The trip around [anno]Jack Fish Bay{note}Jackfish Bay is on the north shore of Lake Superior, about 250 km east of Thunder Bay. Several small lake trout and whitefish fisheries operated out of the bay.[\/anno] between 7 and 8 p.m. was most delightful. We could see Jack Fish as we got round to the other side, the water is 900 ft. deep.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wednesday, July 13:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

8 a.m. We are at [anno]Ignace{note}Ignace is a railway town in northwestern Ontario that was founded in 1879. When the Canadian Pacific Railway was built through northern Ontario, the town became a divisional point for trains to refuel with water and coal. [\/anno], a [anno]divisional point{note}A railway stop in the steam engine era that contained basic amenities like a passenger station or refueling material.[\/anno]. There are Indians here, part of the [anno]Wabigoon mission{note}An Anglican mission attached to the Wabigoon Ojibwe reserve established under Treaty 3 in 1873. Learn more about the Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation.<\/a>[\/anno].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We passed Dinorwic, and Wabigoon. The reserve is on Little Wabigoon Lake, south of Dinorwic station. At [anno]Eagle River{note}A community on the edge of Eagle Lake. The railroad passes through it.[\/anno] we saw two pretty little falls, and at [anno]Vermilion Bay{note}A community on the edge of Eagle Lake and close to Eagle River town. The railroad passes through it.[\/anno], we saw the wide expanse of [anno]Eagle Lake.{note}A lake in northwestern Ontario. The communities of Eagle River and Vermilion Bay are on its northern shore.[\/anno] There is a [anno]reserve on this Lake{note}The Eagle Lake Reserve is a Saulteaux reserve established by Treaty 3 in 1873 in northwestern Ontario, on the northern shore of Eagle Lake. [\/anno].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At about 1 p.m. we reached [anno]Rat Portage{note}Rat Portage was a town on the northerly tip of Lake-of-the-Woods. Rat Portage began as a fur trade post in the early nineteenth century and was connected to the railway in the 1870s. In 1902, Rat Portage was amalgamated into the city of Kenora. The Obashkaandagaang and Wauzhushk Onigum First Nation Reserves are neighbours to Kenora today. Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Black-and-white<\/a>
Jubilee Parade passing down Main Street in Rat Portage, 1897. Courtesy of the Virtual Reference Library.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

[\/anno] and I called upon [anno]Mrs. John Chambers{note}We have not been able to find more about Mrs. John Chambers. If any readers have any information about Mrs. John Chambers, please contact us.[\/anno] (of the Church of England). [anno]Mr. Pither{note}Mr. Pither worked for the Hudson\u2019s Bay Company before joining the Department of Indian Affairs. He was Indian Agent for the Couchiching (Fort Frances) Agency from 1874 to 1888, and Indian Agent for the Rat Portage Agency from 1888 to 1891. Read more<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Robert Pither. Courtesy of the Manitoba Historical Society .<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

[\/anno] (who was for 27 years an [anno]Indian Agent{note}Indian agents were government officials who enforced the Indian Act of 1876, with an emphasis on assimilation and conversion. Read more<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
House of the farmer in charge at Manitou Rapids Reserve in Ontario, Canada, 1920. Courtesy of Minnesota Historical Society.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

.[\/anno]; it has been 61 years since he was first connected with the [anno]Hudson\u2019s Bay{note}The Hudson’s Bay Company was a British trading corporation that became one of the largest colonizing agents in Canada, and whose posts became the home base for both fur traders and missionaries.[\/anno]) was not in when I called. I later learnt some valuable news from him, and also from [anno]Fred Carriff{note}We have not been able to find out to find more about Fred Carriff. If any readers have any information about Fred Carriff, please contact us.[\/anno]. I saw Indians buying things in the shops, some whom had received their [anno]treaty money{note}<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
The Treaty #3 annual meeting at Assabaskashing Reserve on Lake of the Woods. Courtesy of the Ontario Catholic School Trustee\u2019s Association.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Treaty 3, signed between Ojibwe chiefs and the Crown in 1871, promised the Ojibwe in northwestern Ontario an annual five dollar payment and other \u201cbenefits\u201d like oxen, flour, trade tools, and other such goods. Read more<\/a>. Read one of our student essays on Treaty 3 here<\/a>.[\/anno], 5$ per head.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[anno]Mr. Page{note}John Walter Bowden Page was an Anglican deacon and patron of St. Alban\u2019s, in Rat Portage. Originally from England, Mr. Page travelled to Canada, and graduated from St. John\u2019s College in Manitoba with a Bachelors of Arts and a Bachelors of Divinity in 1888. In that same year he married Ada Jesse Adams, the daughter of senior Hudson\u2019s Bay Company executive. They had a child together in 1890, in Rat Portage. By 1906, Mr. Page had returned to England. He would later serve as Chaplain to the Canadian Infantry Division during the First World War.[\/anno] was not at home so I went into [anno]St. Alban\u2019s Church{note}St Alban’s is an Anglican church in Rat Portage, first built in 1884. In 1893 the church burnt down in a fire and a new church was built on the same site a year later. In 1917, this second building also burnt down, and a new stone church was built in 1917 which still exists to this day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

[\/anno]. It was an intensely hot day. I went to [anno]Russel House{note}A hotel in Rat Portage.[\/anno] for [anno]tea{note}Du Vernet often mentions taking tea with fellow missionaries and a number of Ojibwe men and women. In keeping with English tradition, he likely meant a small meal involving a hot drink.[\/anno] (which was 25 cents) and spent the evening with Mr. Pither (upon whom I had called twice and not found at home). He showed me the [anno]stone heads{note}Before European contact, Indigenous people typically made their arrowheads and other tools and weapons out of stone. Following the arrival of Europeans, Indigenous peoples increasingly used metal materials.[\/anno] of bow men\u2019s arrows and spears, and a [anno]copper chisel{note}A tool used for carving or cutting hard materials like wood. Archaeologists have found tools at Long Sault with a chisel-like edge made of copper. They attribute these tools to the \u201cWoodland period,\u201d an archaeological classification of Indigenous cultures that spans from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact.[\/anno], which he had taken out of a [anno]mound{note}The Manitou Burial Mounds, a national historic site cared for today by the Kay-Nah-Chi-Wah-Nung Historical Center and the Rainy River First Nation, date back as far as the time of the Laurel Peoples (300 B.C.E. \u2013 1100 C.E.). Read more.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
One of the Manitou Mounds. Photograph by Pamela Klassen, 2015.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

[\/anno] on his property on Rainy River. I also saw here the most beautiful [anno]beadwork{note}Anishinaabe beadwork, usually accomplished by women, features intricate patterns of beads or quills strung or sewn onto fabric or hides. Beaded patterns include floral imagery and symbols from creation stories, and adorn a wide range of useful objects, such as cradleboards and moccasins. Read more<\/a>.[\/anno], which was transparent and done on a frame of strings, as well as a short, thick, Roman-looking sword from the [anno]battle of Cullodin{note}A large battle fought in Britain in 1745 that ended the Jacobite Uprising. It is hard to say whether Mr. Pither’s sword was actually from this battle.[\/anno].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Pither’s Point.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\n
\u00ab EPISODE 2: JAMES TAYLOR ROGERS’S STORY<\/a><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
EPISODE 4: ALONG THE RIVER \u00bb<\/a><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
| \u00ab RETURN TO DIARY OVERVIEW<\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Click on the [anno]green tab[\/anno] to learn more about a word or phrase.Find Du Vernet on a map. Tuesday, July 12: We arrived at [anno]Biscotasing{note}A lumber town by Lake Biscotasi in North Eastern Ontario, located on the railway line.[\/anno] in the [anno]Diocese of Moosonee{note}A diocese is a unit of administration within the Church. It covers […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-episodes","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nEpisode 3: On the Train | Kiinawin Kawindomowin \u2014 Story Nations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/storynations.preview.artsci.utoronto.ca\/index.php\/on-the-train\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Episode 3: On the Train | Kiinawin Kawindomowin \u2014 Story Nations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Click on the [anno]green tab[\/anno] to learn more about a word or phrase.Find Du Vernet on a map. 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Tuesday, July 12: We arrived at [anno]Biscotasing{note}A lumber town by Lake Biscotasi in North Eastern Ontario, located on the railway line.[\/anno] in the [anno]Diocese of Moosonee{note}A diocese is a unit of administration within the Church. 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