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The diary of a missionary on Ojibwe land

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Episode 18: Mr. Johnston’s Story of Tom Overcome

https://storynations.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/18_Mr-Johnston_s-Story-of-Tom-Overcome.mp3

Click on the “play” button to hear the diary episode read aloud, and click on the green tab 1 to learn more about a word or phrase.
Find Du Vernet on a map.

Thursday, July 20:

Reverend Jeremiah Johnston with his medals, ca. 1925. Courtesy of Minnesota Historical Society.

Raining hard all day. I helped Mr. Johnston 2 to mend his grindstone, and he told me a story about Tom Overcome 3 . (The Indian 4 I saw playing cards 5 in the tepee 6 .)

When Mr. Johnston first came here, he went into Tom Overcome’s house and Archdeacon Phair 7 asked Mr. Johnston to read the Bible and then to sing a hymn 8 . Mr. Johnston did not like to do this as it was not his custom 9 to sing unless he knew the Indians wished it.

After the archdeacon had talked a great deal (through Mr. Johnston as an interpreter), the Indian said: “You two men know a great deal. I am only a poor Indian. You have come into my house, read the book and sang and talked. Now supposing I should go into your house and beat my tom-tom 10 and dance my dance and go on in my ways. Now would you like it? Now that you have had your say here let me tell you never to enter my house again until I ask you.”

He afterwards did all he could to annoy Mr. Johnston, driving his sleigh with bells past the Church on Sunday morning to get wood, thus distracting the attention of the people. Mr. Johnston felt he must have a talk with him, though he did not want to enter his house until invited 11 .

One day, they met on the road. The Indian said he was busy. Mr. Johnston said “so am I,” but that he wanted to have a word with him. He said “You need not think you can annoy me by what you are doing. It makes no difference to me but in working on Sunday you are displeasing God, who alone can bless you and make you happy.” The Indian replied “That is only the white man’s way 12 ,” but Mr. Johnston talked on.

At last, the Indian said “You speak the truth: many a time I have cut my foot or my hand because I was working on Sunday.” Still, even after this, he did not come to Church although Mr. Johnston thought he had got nearer to the man. Some time later, hearing that Tom Overcome was going to take his wife and baby on a long journey in the winter to visit the American Indians 13 , Mr. Johnston felt so strongly the danger of this that he pleaded with the man not to go. He seemed to hesitate but his wife was anxious. They went. She died on the journey and the day after the babe starved to death.

When Tom returned he came and shook hands with Mr. Johnston and could scarcely speak. He said: “I often thought of your words to me, which were the truth.” And yet today Tom has never entered the Church; the medicine men 14 do all they can to keep him away.

Thursday afternoon about 4 p.m., as it seemed to be clearing, we sailed and paddled four miles down the river to the Boucherville 15 Post Office, and there I found my first letter. It rained as we were leaving for home so we had to wait a little while. We had hard enough work rowing back against both wind and current. The dark clouds and the light breaking through them was very fine. In the evening, we packed up.

Overcast skies at Long Sault. Photography by Pamela Klassen, 2016.

« EPISODE 17: PHOTOGRAPHS AFTER THE STORM
EPISODE 19: INTO THE LAKE OF THE WOODS »

« « RETURN TO DIARY OVERVIEW
Previous Post: « Lake of the Woods
Next Post: Episode 19: Into the Lake of the Woods »

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  1. X
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  2. X
    Mr. Johnston

    Jeremiah Johnston was an ordained Anglican missionary of Swampy Cree background, and Du Vernet’s host on the Rainy River. Read more.

    Reverend Jeremiah Johnston (left) with Mr. Richardson at Long Sault, Rainy River, Ontario, ca. 1925. Courtesy of the Minnesota Historical Society.

  3. X
    Tom Overcome

    Tom Overcome was an Ojibwe man who lived with his family in Long Sault. Jeremiah Johnston recounts to Du Vernet Tom’s opposition to Christianity. Tom would later travel with family to visit relatives south of the border. Tragically, his children and wife died on the journey. If any readers know more about Tom Overcome, please let us know.

  4. X
    Indian

    Du Vernet constantly refers to the Ojibwe peoples he encounters as “Indians” – his use of the word reflects the language and concepts of his day. Though the category of “Indian” was a legal designation in Canada because of the “Indian Act,” as a name for Indigenous people it originated in a profound error. As the story goes, when Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492 he believed he had arrived in India – and therefore called the peoples he encountered Indians, ignoring their diverse languages, spiritual traditions, and forms of governance. Read more.

    A section of the 1876 Indian Act. Courtesy of Early Canada Online.

  5. X
    playing cards

    On July 17th, in describing the “great dance” taking place in the big tent, Du Vernet mentions that many people were gambling. Du Vernet used terms ‘gambling’ and ‘playing cards’ interchangeably in his diary, though they are not always the same.

    It’s likely that gambling–not necessarily for money–was a part of the festivities enjoyed by the community along with dancing, playing of music, and storytelling. One popular Ojibwe game involved guessing where a metal ball under a moccasin was hidden. Gaming had been a part of Ojibwe culture and a popular pastime long before the arrival of settlers.

  6. X
    tepee

    The Sioux  word for wigwam. A wigwam is a dome-shaped dwelling, built with young saplings for a frame. It is typically covered in bark, moss, or branches with leaves, depending on the season. Community builders left a hole in the center of the roof for the smoke of the fire to travel to the sky. A wigwam is a traditional home of the Ojibwe and other Indigenous nations. Read more.

  7. X
    Archdeacon Phair

    Robert Phair was archdeacon of the Diocese of Rupert’s Land. He organized the Anglican Church’s operations in the Rainy River area and northwestern Ontario. Read more.

    Robert Phair. Courtesy of Church Missionary Society Archives.

  8. X
    hymn

    Singing hymns was not just something Christians did in Church. With catchy melodies and lyrics often drawn from the Bible, hymns accompanied Du Vernet on his daily walks, in people’s houses, and in church. He learned from Johnston, however, that Christian hymns were not welcome everywhere on the Rainy River. Read more.

    Sheet music for the hymn “There’ll Be No Parting There” from 1858. Courtesy of hymnary.org.

  9. X
    not his custom

    Compared to Archdeacon Robert Phair, Jeremiah Johnston preferred relatively less intrusive missionary efforts. Knowing Tom Overcome’s hostility to Christianity, he did not want to read the Bible and sing hymns without an invitation to do so.

  10. X
    tom-tom

    A tom-tom is a drum, often used in ceremony. Read more.

    A modified British military drum that has been painted by an Anishinaabe artist with images of spiritual and ceremonial significance. Courtesy of the British Museum.

  11. X
    until invited

    Jeremiah Johnston unwillingness to read the bible or sing hymns unless invited to reflected a reality for missionaries along the Rainy River: they and their converts were minorities in Ojibwe communities, and as such, had to some degree respect the wishes of Ojibwe families.

  12. X
    white man’s way

    Tom Overcome shows throughout this story that he is well aware that the Christianity on offer by the missionaries–even a Cree missionary like Jeremiah Johnston–is intimately tied to the “white man’s way.” Though willing to talk with Jeremiah Johnston, and perhaps even to take comfort from him in his time of grief, Tom nevertheless chooses not to enter his church.

  13. X
    American Indians

    Du Vernet refers to “American Indians” twice in his diary. The first instance occurs when he writes about how Tom Overcome and his family went on a long journey to visit the “American Indians.” The second mention occurs on Monday July 18, when Du Vernet references how “American Indians” had come over to the “Canadian” side of the Rainy River to gamble. Read more.

    The southern bank of the Rainy River forms the American side of the international border. Courtesy of Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library.

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    medicine men

    Medicine men often feature in Du Vernet’s diary as powerful and mysterious figures who are actively opposed to Christianity and who make efforts to discourage other Ojibwe from attending Church services. Read more.

  15. X
    Boucherville

    Boucherville was a small Euro-Canadian settlement along the Rainy River, just west of the Long Sault Rapids. Read more.